New night creams, rosacea cures, serums and CC creams to try this season

Our skin repairs itself as we sleep, so it matters what you put on it for those eight hours (OK, five, if you count the week we power-watched the entire season of House of Cards). Dermatologist Dr. Nowell Solish suggests using a different moisturizer for day and night. “[Using] the same cream may not be as effective as two different creams if they work by a different mechanism,” he explains. That’s good news for fans of Oprah Winfrey’s favourite moisturizer, which now has an evening companion in (1) Philosophy Hope in a Jar Night ($55, thebay.com). It features glycolic acid, which helps smooth skin. If you want to boost collagen, retinol is your best bet, says dermatologist Dr. Jaggi Rao. Considered the benchmark for all wrinkle-fighters, it’s combined with efficacy-boosting niacin in (2) StriVectin-AR’s Advanced Retinol Night Treatment ($120, murale.ca), and with skin-plumping hyaluronic acid and complexion-brightening vitamin C in (3) Neutrogena Rapid Tone Repair Night ($25, at drugstores). Sensitive types (retinol has a rep for irritating skin) can try (4) Éminence Organic Lavender Age Corrective Night Concentrate ($66,eminenceorganics.com), which soothes skin with shea butter and primrose oil while a stem-cell complex firms and seals fine lines.

The fashion industry is a product of the modern age. Prior to the mid-19th century, most clothing was custom made. It was handmade for individuals, either as home production or on order from dressmakers and tailors. By the beginning of the 20th century—with the rise of new technologies such as the sewing machine, the rise of global capitalism and the development of the factory system of production, and the proliferation of retail outlets such as department stores—clothing had increasingly come to be mass-produced in standard sizes and sold at fixed prices. Although the fashion industry developed first in Europe and America, today it is an international and highly globalized industry, with clothing often designed in one country, manufactured in another, and sold world-wide. For example, an American fashion company might source fabric in China and have the clothes manufactured in Vietnam, finished in Italy, and shipped to a warehouse in the United States for distribution to retail outlets internationally. The fashion industry has long been one of the largest employers in the United States, and it remains so in the 21st century. However, employment declined considerably as production increasingly moved overseas, especially to China. Because data on the fashion industry typically are reported for national economies and expressed in terms of the industry’s many separate sectors, aggregate figures for world production of textiles and clothing are difficult to obtain. However, by any measure, the industry accounts for a significant share of world economic output.

The fashion industry consists of four levels: the production of raw materials, principally fibers and textiles but also leather and fur; the production of fashion goods by designers, manufacturers, contractors, and others; retail sales; and various forms of advertising and promotion. These levels consist of many separate but interdependent sectors, all of which are devoted to the goal of satisfying consumer demand for apparel under conditions that enable participants in the industry to operate at a profit.

The definition of fashion and anti-fashion is as thus. Anti-fashion is fixed and changes little overtime. Anti-fashion is different depending on which cultural or social group one is associated with or where one lives but within that group or locality the style changes little and stays constant. Fashion is the exact opposite of anti-fashion. Fashion changes very quickly and is not affiliated with one group or an area of the world but is spread out throughout the world wherever people can communicate easily with each other. For example, the 1953 Queen Elizabeth II’s coronation gown is an example of anti-fashion because it is traditional and does not change over any period; whereas, a gown from fashion designer Dior’s collection of 1953 is fashion because it will change every season as Dior comes up with a new gown to replace the old one. In the Dior gown the length, cut, fabric, and embroidery of the gown changes for season to season and does not stay the same. Anti-fashion is concerned with maintaining the status quo while fashion is concerned with social mobility. Time is expressed in terms of continuity in anti-fashion and as change in fashion. Fashion has changing modes of adornment while anti-fashion has fixed modes of adornment. Indigenous and peasant modes of adornment are an example of anti-fashion. Change in fashion is part of the larger system and is structured to be a deliberate change in style.